funfacts.space

Space is wild. Here's the math.

Interactive calculators that put the true scale of the universe in your hands. Numbers only, no fluff.

🪐 12 solar system objects 📐 16 tools live 🌌 More on the way

Calculators

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Apparent Size

How large does an object appear in the sky? Enter any two of diameter, distance, or angular size, and the calculator solves for the third.

Sun from Earth (avg) 31.6′
Jupiter at closest approach 50.1″
Proxima Centauri from Earth 0.0011″
δ = 2 arctan(d / 2D)
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Apparent Brightness

How bright does an object appear? Calculates apparent magnitude for stars and planets, with comparison bars and a sky visualization.

Sun from Earth −26.74
Sun from Proxima Centauri +0.47
Jupiter at opposition −2.94
m = M + 5 log(d/10 pc)

Light Travel Time

How long does it take light to travel between any two solar system objects? Enter a distance or a time, and the calculator solves for the other.

Earth → Sun (avg) 8.317 min
Earth → Jupiter (avg) 34.73 min
Earth → Proxima Cen. 4.243 yr
t = d / c
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Planetary Weight

How much would you weigh on Jupiter? Enter your weight, toggle lbs or kg, and see your weight on every planet, moon, and the Sun.

165 lbs on Jupiter 417 lbs / 189 kg
165 lbs on the Moon 27.2 lbs / 12.3 kg
165 lbs on Pluto 10.4 lbs / 4.7 kg
W = WEarth × (g / g)
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Mars Weather

Real atmospheric readings from NASA's InSight lander. Browse 7 Martian sols of temperature, wind, and pressure data, with Earth comparisons for context.

Avg surface temp −63 °C / −81 °F
Atmospheric pressure ~700 Pa / 0.10 psi
vs. Earth sea level 0.7% of Earth
InSight · Elysium Planitia
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Binoculars & Telescopes

Decode the math behind any optics spec. Enter magnification and objective diameter to get exit pupil, light gathering, limiting magnitude, and field of view, plus reference tables for common sizes.

7×50 binocular exit pupil 7.1 mm
50 mm (1.97 in) lens vs naked eye 51× light
8″ (203 mm) telescope limiting mag +13.8
EP = D ÷ M
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Escape Velocity

How fast do you need to go to break free from a planet's gravity? Escape velocities for every solar system body, with perspective on what these speeds really mean.

From Earth 11.19 km/s / 25,022 mph
From Jupiter 59.5 km/s / 133,098 mph
From the Moon 2.38 km/s / 5,324 mph
ve = √(2GM / r)
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Age on Other Planets

Your age is just a count of laps around the Sun. Enter your birthdate and see how old you'd be on every other planet, and when your next birthday there actually is.

30 Earth years on Mercury 124.6 years
30 Earth years on Mars 16.0 years
30 Earth years on Neptune 0.18 years
Age = Days alive ÷ Orbital period
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Moon Phase Calculator

What phase is the Moon in today, on your birthday, or ten years from now? Get illumination, moon age, and countdowns to the next new, quarter, and full moons.

Synodic month 29.53 days
Full moon illumination ~100%
New moon illumination ~0%
Illum ≈ 50(1 − cos(2πt/T))
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Solar System Scale Model

Shrink the Sun to the size of a basketball and watch the rest of the solar system shrink with it: see how big the planets get, and how far away.

Sun = a basketball 24 cm / 9.4 in
Earth at that scale 2.2 mm, 26 m out
Neptune at that scale 8.5 mm, 775 m out
Scaled = Real × (Sun size ÷ 1.39M km)
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Travel Time Calculator

Pick a vehicle and a destination. How long would it really take to drive to the Moon, fly to Mars, or coast to Pluto, non-stop, no gas stops, no traffic?

Car (70 mph) to the Moon 142.2 days
Jet (550 mph) to the Moon 18.1 days
Walking to Pluto 139,500 years
Time = Distance ÷ Speed
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Daylight Hours Calculator

Sunrise, sunset, twilight, and golden hour for any date, anywhere on Earth, plus whether the days are getting longer or shorter right now.

Chicago, summer solstice ~15 hrs daylight
Twilight window Dawn → Dusk
Golden hour ±1 hr of sun
Day length = Sunset − Sunrise
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Sun Angle & Glare Calculator

How high is the Sun right now, and is it actually in your eyes? Pick a ZIP code, date, and time, then spin a compass dial to your driving heading and watch the windshield glare risk change live.

Winter afternoon, low Sun 🔴 Severe glare
Midday, high Sun 🟢 Low glare
Sky view Elevation + azimuth
Elevation from lat, decl, hour angle
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Drake Equation Calculator

How many communicating civilizations are out there right now? Drag all seven terms yourself and watch the estimate update live.

Drake's 1961 guess N ≈ 10
Modern optimistic N ≈ 24M
Conservative N ≈ 0.000006
N = R*·fp·ne·fl·fi·fc·L
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Eclipse & Blood Moon Predictor

Every solar and lunar eclipse through 2028 with a live countdown, plus a check of whether the next Blood Moon will actually be visible from where you live.

Next eclipse Aug 28, 2026
Next full Blood Moon Dec 31, 2028
Why the Moon turns red Rayleigh scattering
Visible = Moon above horizon
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Time Dilation Calculator

Einstein's relativity, live: how much your clock actually slows down at relativistic speed or deep in a gravity well, from the ISS to a black hole's edge.

Scott Kelly's ISS year 5 ms younger
GPS satellites +38 µs/day
Neutron star surface 23% slower
γ = 1/√(1−v²/c²)

Big Questions

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The Fermi Paradox

"Where is everybody?"

The Milky Way is roughly 13 billion years old and contains an estimated 100–400 billion stars. Even if only a tiny fraction host life, the galaxy should be teeming with civilizations, some millions of years ahead of us. So why is the universe silent? Enrico Fermi asked this over lunch in 1950, and we still don't have an answer.

400 billion stars in the Milky Way alone, and we've heard nothing.
Read the full breakdown →
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The Great Filter

"Something stops civilizations from spreading through the stars."

Robin Hanson's Great Filter theory proposes that somewhere between dead chemistry and galaxy-spanning civilizations, there's a nearly impassable barrier. Either the filter lies behind us, meaning abiogenesis (life from non-life) is extraordinarily rare, or it lies ahead of us, waiting for every technological species. The latter is the terrifying possibility: the cosmos is quiet because something destroys advanced life before it can expand.

Finding microbial life on Mars would be bad news; it would push the filter into our future.
Read the full breakdown →
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The Zoo Hypothesis

"They're watching. They just aren't talking."

Perhaps advanced civilizations already know we're here, and have agreed not to interfere. Earth might be a protected reservation, observed from a distance while we develop naturally. It would explain the silence without requiring us to be alone. The disquieting implication: we may have been deemed not yet worthy of contact, or too fragile to survive the knowledge that we are not alone.

For the hypothesis to work, every civilization must agree to stay silent. One defector breaks the zoo.
Read the full breakdown →

Fun Facts

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How to Remember the Order of the Planets

"My Very Excellent Mother Just Ordered Us Nine Pizzas."

The classic mnemonic, the modern 8-planet "Nachos" version for the post-Pluto era, and the actual astrophysics behind why the planets ended up in that order: rocky worlds close to the Sun, gas and ice giants farther out, past the frost line.

Neptune orbits about 77× farther from the Sun than Mercury does.
Read the full breakdown →
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Moons of the Solar System

448 known moons and counting, and Pluto still gets a card.

Every planet's known moon count, the standout moons around each one, and why they actually matter: from Europa's hidden ocean to Titan's methane lakes to Saturn's ring-shepherding moonlets.

Saturn alone has ~292 known moons, more than every other planet combined.
Read the full breakdown →